Evidence of Direct Environmental Impact on Genetic Rates of Mutation

In its simplest form, survival of the fittest is the primary (only?) way the environment affects evolution.

This article suggests that environmental factors might directly impact the course of evolution at a genetic level. If CO2 were a major killer in the last round of massive extinctions, wouldn't it make sense that organisms that mutate at a higher rate in the presence of UV radiation would have been more likely to survive? Couldn't the genetic reproductive process be similarly subject to the principles of survival of the fittest? And if so, wouldn't that create an acceleration of the evolutionary process vs. standard survival models?

How else might environmental factors impact genetic mutation and speciation?

Science & Technology at Scientific American.com: Global Warming Shows Up in Fly Genes